In this article we will learn about Reaction intermediates in chemistry. Here we will discuss Definition, Types, and Properties of reaction intermediates.
An intermediate species is certain unstable species formed in chemical reaction. They are highly reactive, unstable and often decomposes to neutral and stable species.
There are five types of intermediate found in chemistry namely; Radical, Carbocation, Carbanion, Carbene, Benzyne intermediates.
α-hydroxy ketones are important intermediates in organic synthesis. Various methods available for the synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones are described herein.
Laboratory Techniques in Organic Chemistry are some methods used to execute an experiment in lab. In organic chemistry lab various reactions or functional group transformations are performed by using numerous chemicals and instruments.
Hi Friends, in this article we will see how to calculate coupling constants (J values) in 1H-NMR Spectroscopy.
Key words: Coupling constant, Multiplicity, 1H-NMR spectrum, Signal.
The coupling constant is a distance between sub-peaks expressed in hertz. In 1H-NMR spectrum a peak splits into multiple sub-peaks due to coupling with neighboring protons. The value of coupling constant does not depend upon frequency of machine and solvent used for NMR experiment.
We have discussed various applications of spectroscopy in chemistry, medicine and environmental science in another article. Please check out for more details. [Link]
Key words: Purification, Organic compounds, Laboratory methods.
Dieckmann Condensation - Reaction, Mechanism, and Examples are described in this article.
Dieckmann condensation is a chemical reaction for the synthesis of cyclic β-keto esters. In this reaction diester reacts with base to produce cyclic β-keto esters. It is a Named reaction in organic chemistry.
Key words: Condensation, Cyclization reaction, β-keto esters, Named reaction.
Claisen condensation - Reaction, Mechanism, and Examples are described in this article.
Claisen condensation is a chemical reaction is used for the synthesis of β-keto esters. It is a Named reaction in organic chemistry. It is C-C coupling reaction in organic chemistry.
Key words: Coupling reaction, Ester, β-keto ester, Named reaction.
Knoevenagel Condensation - Reaction, Mechanism, and Examples are described in this article.
Knoevenagel condensation is a named reaction in organic chemistry. It is also known as modified Aldol condensation reaction. It is a C-C bond formation reaction in organic chemistry.
Key words: Nucleophilic addition, Condensation, Aldol condensation, Dehydration reaction. Named reaction.
In this article we will learn about synthesis of amine compounds. We will discuss few Named reactions and mechanism.
Amines are the organic compounds and they are derivatives of ammonia. In this article we will discuss about various synthesis methods for preparation of amines.
Key words: Amines, Derivatives of ammonia, Reduction, Alkylation, Rearrangement reaction.
In this article we will learn about synthesis of Alkyl halides (Haloalkanes).
Alkyl halides are the organic compounds which consists of halogen atom bonded to carbon atom.
Key words: Alkyl halide, Haloalkane, Electrophilic addition, Radical substitution, Nucleophilic substitution.
Alkene compounds are the hydrocarbons which consist of at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Various synthesis methods for the synthesis of alkene are described herein.
In this article we will learn about Dehydration Reactions of alcohols to alkenes. We will discuss few reactions and mechanism.
Dehydration is the process of removal of water molecule from alcohol compound to produce alkene compound. It is an example of elimination reaction in organic chemistry.
Key words: Alcohol, Dehydration, Alkene, E1-elimination, E2-elimination.
In this article we will discuss about Structure and Nomenclature of Esters. They are important functional group compounds in organic chemistry.
Esters are chemical compounds in organic chemistry. They are derived from carboxylic acid compounds. Here we will learn Common Nomenclature and IUPAC Nomenclature of ester compounds.
Key words: Esters, Common Nomenclature, IUPAC Nomenclature, Carboxylic acids.
In this article we will discuss about Structure and Nomenclature of Carboxylic acids in organic chemistry. The carboxylic acids have general formula R-COOH.
In this article we will discuss about Structure and Nomenclature of Aldehydes in organic chemistry. Aldehydes are the organic compounds with one carbonyl group and general formula is RCHO.
Aldehydes are the organic compounds which consist of an alkyl / aryl group and one hydrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group. IUPAC nomenclature of aldehydes is described herein.
Key words: Aldehyde, Carbonyl compounds, Common Names and IUPAC nomenclature of Aldehydes.
In this article we will learn about Structure and Nomenclature of Ketones.
Ketones are the organic compounds with carbon –oxygen double bond (C=O; carbonyl group). They have general formula (RCOR).
Newman projection and Fischer projection formula are the way of writing structure of organic compounds to describe stereochemistry of molecule.
Key words: Newman projection, Fischer projection, Staggered conformer, Eclipsed conformer.
In this article we will learn about Aldol Reaction - Condensation & Intramolecular Reactions in organic chemistry.
Aldol reaction is well-known named reaction in organic chemistry for the synthesis of β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone.
Key words: Aldol reaction, Named reaction, Enol, Enolate, β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.
